Abstract: This paper takes Xixia District of Yinchuan city as an example, using GIS to make spatial correlation between POI (points of interest) and road buffer, to identify various urban functional areas. By using mobile phone signaling data, the urban functional areas are matched with spatial distribution data of population, and the spatio-temporal distribution changes of population are calculated. On this basis, according to the principles of tolerance, accessibility and proximity, we re-plan urban earthquake emergency shelters, to solve the current unreasonable layout of emergency shelters. Based on the quantitative analysis of existing resources, two fixed emergency shelters are added, which can effectively alleviate the overload of emergency shelters and the contradiction between supply and demand when destructive earthquakes occur. The research results of this paper can provide new ideas and means for the service capacity analysis and scientific layout planning of urban earthquake emergency shelters.